Getting Out of the Quagmire: A Roadmap for Redirecting Underachievers and Selective Producers
Paper

Presenter(s): Richard Cash

Students don’t naturally underachieve. It is often through misguided and unchallenging learning experiences that lead them to underperform or selectively produce. It may also develop out of a learning difference. Helping students develop constructive attitudes towards personal growth has a tremendous effect on achievement. This session will show you how to assist students in applying self-regulating strategies that can increase self-esteem, develop greater self-efficacy and produce a positive self-image.

The development of academic ability is most effectively actualized by those who set goals and manage strategies to achieve those goals. A critical component is the effectiveness of the learners’ application of and focus toward self-regulation. When students are underchallenged it can lead to underachievement or selective production (choosing to do the minimum), which effects their development of strong self-regulation. This is a vicious cycle of unproductive learning.
Regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997) suggests two orientations of self-regulation. Promotion orientation focuses on growth and advancement, while prevention orientation focuses on safety and security. Studies suggest that students with a promotion orientation approach tasks with confidence to continually try, even in the face of obstacles and setbacks. On the other hand, those oriented toward prevention approach tasks from a doubt perspective and are more likely to give up easily. Underperforming students are more likely to possess a prevention focus and are less likely to gain in achievement and manifest their talents (Higgins & Spiegel, 2004).
Works by Reis and Greene (2014) and Cash (2016) point out intervention strategies of self-regulation can have a positive effect on turning around underachievement. During this session, participants will learn research-based strategies to help students develop healthy personal beliefs, and successful learning habits. Also, a design of enrichment, extension and enhancement (E3) that can be applied to all disciplines K-12 will be demonstrated. Addressing the need of gifted students to be challenged early can significantly reduce underachievement/selective production and increase self-regulation for a positive personal growth.